Bell's theorem rules out local theories matching quantum predictions; the measurement problem shows quantum theory alone does not say why single outcomes occur. Neither is settled in interpretation.
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Schrödinger devised the cat in 1935 as a reductio ad absurdum, to show that applying quantum superposition to large objects gives absurd results, not to claim cats can be both alive and dead.
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It says that position and momentum cannot both be sharply defined at once; their uncertainties have a minimum product of ħ/2. This is not just a limit of instruments.
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Hawking's calculation implies that black holes destroy information as they evaporate, which conflicts with quantum mechanics. Most physicists now think information survives, but how is debated.
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