Ancient religions

Many writers say Zoroastrian ideas such as a final judgment, heaven and hell, and a devil figure entered Judaism after the Babylonian exile, then reached Christianity and Islam. The evidence is stronger for Judaism than for Islam.

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Scholars broadly agree Israelite religion shifted from polytheism to Yahweh-only worship and then monotheism, mostly by the 6th century BCE. They disagree on the causes and on what to call it.

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