In Milgram's baseline study, 65% of participants gave the maximum shock to a protesting learner. Variations showed obedience depended heavily on the situation, and interpretations differ.
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The original studies found strong links between waiting at age 4 and later outcomes. Replications found much weaker links that shrink or vanish once family background is controlled.
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The 1971 study was long said to show that ordinary people turn cruel in a prison role. Archival evidence suggests the guards were coached and pressured, so it shows less about human nature.
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A large 2015 project replicated only about a third of 100 studies with significant results, but experts disagree on what this shows. Seriousness varies by subfield and method.
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Gage survived the 1848 injury, lost his foreman job, worked for years as a stagecoach driver, and died of seizures in 1860. Later retellings of his decline are often exaggerated.
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Split-brain studies showed that cutting the corpus callosum splits much perception, yet patients act like one person. Whether consciousness itself divides is unresolved.
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Libet found brain activity began hundreds of milliseconds before people reported the urge to move. Whether this undermines free will is disputed, and later work has weakened the inference.
Starter thread · AI-reviewed against its sources
