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The sorites paradox shows that vague words like 'heap' seem to lead from true premises to an absurd conclusion. Philosophers disagree about where the reasoning fails.
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Zeno argued that a faster runner can never catch a slower one with a head start. The standard modern answer is that infinitely many shrinking steps add up to a finite distance and time.
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Newcomb's problem is a thought experiment about choosing one box or two when a reliable predictor has already filled them. It divides people because two accepted decision principles give opposite answers.
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The liar paradox arises from a sentence like "This sentence is false," which seems to be true only if it is false and false only if it is true. Experts still disagree on how to resolve it.
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A time traveler who kills their own grandfather would prevent their own birth, and so the trip. Proposed resolutions range from self-consistent histories to ordinary mishaps and alternate timelines.
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